1. What is the structure of the front axle of the vehicle? The front axle is a crucial component at the front of the vehicle, undertaking multiple functions such as force transmission, steering realization, and body support.

The structure of the front axle is intricate and precise, mainly consisting of the front axle, kingpin, steering knuckle, brake assembly, hub assembly, steering knuckle arm, and cross rod assembly.

Among them, the front axle, serving as a connection bridge between the frame and the front wheels, is accountable for transmitting forces in all directions while also bearing the resulting bending moment and torque. The steering knuckle is closely linked to the steering system, capable of accurately transmitting the steering force output by the steering gear to the wheels, thereby ensuring that the vehicle can steer flexibly as per the driver's intention.

Furthermore, the front axle of the vehicle also shoulders the significant responsibility of supporting the sprung mass at the front of the vehicle and simultaneously confronts the challenges of various vertical loads, longitudinal forces, transverse forces, and related torques from the road surface. In automotive engineering, the design of the front axle also needs to take into account the axle load requirements of different models. Ranging from minivans to heavy trucks, the axle load range is extensive, typically between 0.5 and 7.5 tons. This flexible design ensures that the front axle structure can adapt to a variety of complex road conditions and transportation demands.